Что такое срк в медицине: Синдром раздраженного кишечника (СРК) – симптомы, причины, лечение, диета

Что такое синдром раздражённого кишечника и как от этого избавиться

Что такое синдром раздражённого кишечника

Синдромом раздражённого кишечника (СРК) называют не совсем изученное медициной хроническое заболевание ^{, которое приводит к сбоям в работе толстой кишки. И, как следствие, некоторым нарушениям пищеварения.}

Синдром раздражённого кишечника считается одним из наиболее распространённых гастроэнтерологических заболеваний в мире: от него страдают ^{10–15% взрослых людей.}

Сложность заключается в том, что симптомы СРК часто бывают смазанными и возникают нерегулярно. Из‑за этого человек даже не предполагает, что живёт с каким‑то хроническим нарушением. И в результате не получает необходимого лечения.

Как распознать синдром раздражённого кишечника

Заболевание может проявлять себя по‑разному. Чаще всего симптомы синдрома раздражённого кишечника таковы ^:

• Спазмы и болезненные ощущения в животе. Как правило, они возникают после еды и уменьшаются после похода в туалет.
• Вздутие живота.
• Образование избыточных газов (метеоризм).
• Диарея или запор. Иногда они могут чередоваться.
• Слизь в кале.
• Периодическая и, кажется, не имеющая причин тошнота.
• Проблемы с мочеиспусканием и дефекацией. Создаётся ощущение, что вы не можете до конца опорожниться.

У большинства людей, страдающих СРК, эти симптомы то обостряются, то пропадают. Если вы замечаете у себя подобные признаки и помните, что неприятности в животе случались уже не раз, проконсультируйтесь с врачом (терапевтом или сразу гастроэнтерологом). Возможно, у вас именно он, СРК.

Откуда берётся синдром раздражённого кишечника

Попробуйте проследить, с какими изменениями в образе жизни связаны ваши симптомы. Дело в том, что медицина до сих пор не разобралась, что именно вызывает СРК. Предполагается, что тут играют роль сразу несколько факторов ^.

• Неврологические нарушения. Из‑за них могут ухудшаться связи между мозгом и кишечником. А это в свою очередь приводит к тому, что ваше тело начинает слишком остро реагировать на обычные пищеварительные процессы.
• Нарушения кишечной моторики. Стенки кишечника устланы слоями мышц, которые то сокращаются, то расслабляются, передвигая тем самым содержимое кишки. Этот процесс называется моторикой. При сбоях в нём сокращения мышц могут длиться дольше, чем обычно. Это ощущается как спазмы и приводит к повышенному газообразованию и диарее. Если мышцы, напротив, излишне расслабляются, пища проходит по кишечнику медленнее. В результате появляется твёрдый сухой стул.
• Аутоиммунные процессы. У некоторых людей в кишечнике слишком много клеток иммунной системы. Чтобы найти себе работу, они атакуют здоровые клетки. Такой излишне активный ответ иммунной системы, как правило, даёт о себе знать болезненными ощущениями и диареей.
• Врождённая специфика микрофлоры кишечника. Микрофлорой принято называть «хорошие» бактерии, которые живут в кишечнике и играют ключевую роль в пищеварении. Исследования показывают, что бактериальный состав кишечника у людей с СРК может отличаться от микрофлоры здорового человека.

Но проявления синдрома раздражённого кишечника могут серьёзно усугубляться и по следующим причинам:

• Злоупотребление продуктами, к которым имеется неявная непереносимость ^{. Это могут быть, например, напитки с кофеином, газировка, жирная или жареная пища, продукты, вызывающие повышенное газообразование (бобовые, капуста, морковь, цельнозерновые хлеб и каша), пища с содержанием лактозы или глютена.}
• Стресс, тревога, депрессии. Симптомы СРК и нервных расстройств часто ходят парой. Но учёные ещё не определились, является ли стресс провокатором синдрома раздражённого кишечника или, наоборот, само заболевание заставляет нервную систему быть на взводе.
• Гормональные изменения. Замечено, что у женщин симптомы СРК усиливаются во время критических дней или незадолго до них и почти пропадают в период менопаузы.

В зависимости от того, на что именно реагирует ваш организм, будет назначено лечение.

Как лечить синдром раздражённого кишечника

К сожалению, лекарств, которые навсегда избавили бы вас от СРК, не существует. В большинстве случаев лечение является симптоматическим, то есть направленным на уменьшение симптомов. Вот три основных подхода.

1. Контроль диеты и образа жизни

Гастроэнтеролог может порекомендовать вам следующее:

• Ведите пищевой дневник, в который подробно записывайте, что съели в течение дня. Это нужно, чтобы отследить продукты, на которые у вас может быть негативная реакция.
• Избегайте пищи, которая вызывает обострение симптомов.
• Попробуйте по очереди исключать из рациона газированные напитки, продукты с глютеном, молочные продукты, жареное, жирное и понаблюдайте за своим состоянием.
• Пейте достаточное количество жидкости.
• Высыпайтесь.
• Регулярно занимайтесь спортом.

2. Контроль стресса и психотерапия

Поскольку переживания усугубляют симптомы СРК, важно научиться держать эмоции под контролем и меньше реагировать на жизненные неприятности и раздражители.

Вы можете попробовать обуздать стресс самостоятельно (как это сделать, мы писали, например, здесь и здесь). А можно обратиться к психотерапевту: специалист поможет вам разобраться в себе и научит здоровому отношению к миру.

3. Лекарственная терапия

Лекарства тоже облегчают некоторые симптомы СРК. Вот какие препараты может прописать вам врач:

• Спазмолитики — они помогают уменьшить боль и спазмы в животе и нормализовать моторику кишечника.
• Биодобавки с клетчаткой — они помогают при запорах.
• Слабительные.
• Средства от диареи.
• Адсорбенты — помогают при избыточном газообразовании и вздутии живота.
• Успокоительные и антидепрессанты — снижают уровень стресса.
• Рецептурные обезболивающие — назначаются, если болезненные ощущения в кишечнике сильны.
• Специфические лекарства, которые уменьшают или увеличивают производство жидкости в кишечнике и могут тем самым замедлить или облегчить прохождение стула.

Когда надо срочно обращаться к врачу

Даже не думайте и не прислушивайтесь к себе, а немедленно идите на приём к гастроэнтерологу, если симптомы возможного СРК (они перечислены выше) сопровождаются следующими нарушениями:

• Вы быстро теряете вес. Этот признак должен особенно насторожить, если вы не садились на диету и не увеличивали физическую нагрузку.
• У вас бывают приступы ночной диареи.
• Вы наблюдаете кровь в кале.
• У вас диагностирована железодефицитная анемия.
• Иногда случается необъяснимая рвота.
• Есть проблемы с глотанием.
• Постоянные спазмы и рези в животе, которые не проходят при выпускании газов или дефекации.

Всё это может сигнализировать о наличии куда более серьёзного и даже опасного заболевания (вплоть до рака толстой кишки).

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By combining this knowledge with the latest advances in medical technology, they offer patients the most comprehensive care available in medicine today. 90005 90004 Osteopathic physicians focus on prevention, tuning into how a patient’s lifestyle and environment can impact their wellbeing.DOs strive to help you be truly healthy in mind, body and spirit-not just free of symptoms. 90005 90012 90013 Which health care provider is right for you? 90014 Find out on DoctorsThatDO.org 90015 90004 90005 90018 90004 90020 From their first days of education and training, DOs learn to: 90021 90005 90023 90024 Look beyond symptoms of illness and disease to examine the whole patient. 90025 90024 Partner with patients to help prevent illness and injury. 90025 90024 Use their hands to diagnose illness and injury and increase your body’s natural tendency toward self-healing.90025 90030 90004 90032 90005 90034 Hands-on care 90035 90004 If you’ve never been to a DO before, you may wonder what to expect. A typical office visit includes four parts: 90005 90038 90024 90020 Interview 90021: Your DO will talk with you about your medical history. In addition, you will be asked about your home, work and family life. 90025 90024 90020 Exam 90021: The DO will perform a complete physical exam, including a check of your posture, spine, joints, muscles, tendons and ligaments.If necessary, tests will be ordered. 90025 90024 90020 Diagnosis 90021: The DO will consider the results of the interview and exam to determine what may be causing your symptoms. 90025 90024 90020 Treatment 90021: The DO will suggest a treatment plan. DOs practice according to the latest science and technology, but also consider options to complement pharmaceuticals and surgery. Your treatment plan may also include Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT), a hands-on treatment DOs use to diagnose illness and injury and encourage your body’s natural tendency toward self-healing.90025 90055 .90000 What can I do with a medicine degree? 90001 90002 Medicine is a vocational degree, allowing you to develop both the practical and clinical skills specific to medicine and the professional and personal attributes necessary to become a doctor 90003 90004 Job options 90005 90002 Jobs directly related to your degree include: 90003 90002 Jobs where your degree would be useful include: 90003 90002 Remember that many employers accept applications from graduates with any degree subject, so do not restrict your thinking to the jobs listed here.90003 90002 Take a few minutes to answer the Job Match quiz and find out what careers would suit you 90003 90002 Try Job Match 90003 90004 Work experience 90005 90002 It’s a good idea to start developing your CV while you’re still at university. You can improve your skills by undertaking voluntary work, getting involved in medical school societies or becoming an academic course or clinical representative. 90003 90002 Skills and experience can also be gained from taking an elective, which is a period of clinical experience taken during your degree.A lot of students who take an elective decide to go abroad, with many going to developing countries. 90003 90002 Some medical students spend an additional year at medical school (lengthening a five year course to six years) studying for an intercalated degree. This involves taking a year out from the medical curriculum to study and carry out a research project in a different, usually science-related, subject area. 90003 90002 Search for placements and find out more about work experience and internships.90003 90004 Typical employers 90005 90002 Most medical graduates go on to become doctors. Opportunities are available in both the National Health Service (NHS) and private hospitals, as well as in NHS practice trusts as a GP. 90003 90002 There are also opportunities for those wishing to practise medicine in: 90003 90032 90033 the Armed Forces 90034 90033 overseas aid agencies 90034 90033 prisons 90034 90033 research institutes 90034 90033 clinical trial organisations 90034 90033 private healthcare establishments 90034 90033 residential nursing homes 90034 90033 air ambulance services 90034 90033 university teaching.90034 90051 90002 Find information on employers in healthcare, science and pharmaceuticals, and other job sectors. 90003 90004 Skills for your CV 90005 90002 As well as the vocational skills you acquire when undertaking a degree in medicine, you also develop a range of other transferable skills through your course, such as critical appraisal, observation, listening, logical reasoning and decision making . These skills are crucial when working as a doctor, but are just as useful in work outside medicine.90003 90002 Other transferable skills include written and oral communication, from completing assignments, taking histories and writing medical reports. You will also be able to work in a team, understanding your role and responsibilities. 90003 90002 Similarly, you’ll have developed key skills in how to lead a team and assign tasks. 90003 90004 Further study 90005 90002 Most medicine graduates undertake the two-year UK Foundation Programme after graduation in order to practise medicine in the UK.In order to register with the General Medical Council (GMC), you must successfully complete the first year of the Foundation Programme and gain a Certificate of Experience. 90003 90002 Most doctors start further training immediately after the Foundation Programme, choosing to specialise in either general practice or a specialty. The number of years you’ll spend in training varies — approximately three years for GP training and around five to seven years for specialties. 90003 90002 Many of the specialty programmes are initially broad, but as training progresses doctors can specialise in a particular area, such as cardiology.For more information on the range of specialties available, see NHS Health Careers. 90003 90002 Successful completion of this training leads to the award of a Certificate of Completion of Training (CCT). Doctors are then eligible for entry to the specialist / GP register and can apply for a senior medical appointment. 90003 90002 A few graduates each year consider careers outside medicine. Those that do may undertake further vocational training in an area they wish to enter as a career, such as teaching or law.Others may undertake further study in areas such as finance, management or business to enhance their knowledge of a specific career area. 90003 90002 For more information on further study and to find a course that interests you, see Masters degrees and search postgraduate courses. 90003 90004 What do medicine graduates do? 90005 90002 Medicine is a highly vocational degree and this is reflected in the destination data of graduates. The vast majority of medicine graduates in employment in the UK (99%) are medical practitioners.90003 90080 90081 90082 90083 Destination 90084 90083 Percentage 90084 90087 90088 90089 90082 90091 Employed 90092 90091 94.7 90092 90087 90082 90091 Further study 90092 90091 3.4 90092 90087 90082 90091 Working and studying 90092 90091 1.3 90092 90087 90082 90091 Unemployed 90092 90091 0.1 90092 90087 90082 90091 Other 90092 90091 0.5 90092 90087 90120 90121 Graduate destinations for medicine 90080 90081 90082 90083 Type of work 90084 90083 Percentage 90084 90087 90088 90089 90082 90091 Health professionals 90092 90091 99.3 90092 90087 90082 90091 Business, HR and financial 90092 90091 0.1 90092 90087 90082 90091 Education professionals 90092 90091 0.1 90092 90087 90082 90091 Managers 90092 90091 0.1 90092 90087 90082 90091 Other 90092 90091 0.4 90092 90087 90120 90121 Types of work entered in the UK 90002 Find out what other graduates are doing six months after finishing their degrees in What do graduates do? 90003 90002 Graduate destinations data from the Higher Education Statistics Agency. 90003 90168 90002 Written by AGCAS editors 90003 90002 December 2018 90003 90002 © Copyright 90174 AGCAS 90175 & Graduate Prospects Ltd · Disclaimer 90003 90004 You may also like … 90005 90179 90002 graduate scheme 90003 90182 Recruitment Advisor 90183 View job.